Yet there are new threats to be faced from Galatia, the duplicitous, expansionist Pontus and Cappadocia. However, Pergamon is not yet a kingdom in the truest sense, and the time is right for expansion beyond its current borders. Gradually, their influence has declined, enabling Philaeterus to lead Pergamon into a new golden age of culture and learning, building an impressive acropolis and a temple to Athena, Pergamon’s patron goddess. When Seleucus was murdered shortly after killing Lysimachus, the lieutenant Philaeterus controlled the fortress city, albeit as a protectorate of the Seleucids. Although a minor player up to that point, Pergamon came to prominence during the struggle of Alexander the Great’s Successors for control of his fragmented empire.
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